Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Analysis - Assignment Example The problem of labor mobility training can best be solved when program designer embraces training from the learners’ point of view. Moreover, such training can be handled in different timelines depending on the institution and the department in, which training is to be conducted (Swain et al. 2014). Based on the continued development from previous units, labor mobility students are organizational employees sourced across different managerial departments ranging from supervisors to midlevel managers (Swain et al. 2014). Such a class of person is best suited for the above training programs because they are mostly responsible for the productivity of the organization. Despite the fact that no pedagogical consideration may be required for such trainees, the management must ensure proper knowledge are in place. Besides, labor-mobility training program should be aided using decision management system(DSS) as part of the managerial learning process. Training designs would only commence when the decision has been made prior to the analysis process and must end with the models that are perceived critical for the training needs. With consideration to the learning objectives, trainers must come up with valid concepts that clarify what is contained within the training program. Moreover, trainers must determine how comprehensive is the training curriculum and how it should be moderated. In addition, appropriate training material must be allocated must be unveiled depending on the learning procedure (Saks & Belcourt, 2006). Evaluation is considered to be the last stage of the ADDIE model. The procedure gives the trainers opportunity to trace back to the initial training process where they get to understand if any improvement has taken place. As part of the labor mobility training process, organizations incur a lot of expenses for the training process with the expectation of improving productivity. As such, the training department must come up with result oriented

Disc8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disc8 - Essay Example Einsten (1940), notes that God, who rewards and rebukes, is improbable for the modest aims that internal and external need dictates man’s actions. It is because, in the eyes of God, he would not be held accountable. He concludes his notion of cosmic religious view by stating that human ethics should be built on compassion, societal ties and education. This ground should be formed without any religious foundation. He claimed that God can be perceived through the world’s lucidity or rationality that lies behind all work of science of a higher order. Einstein always believed in a form of religion that is sovereign of any church or system of belief. According to Einstein, humans do not have to pick between believing in God’s actuality and not trusting in God at all. The utmost human perception level is the cosmic feeling of religion. Einstein believes that the cosmic feeling moves past the purely human hypotheses of morality and fear. The celestial feeling attempts to conceive the universe as an effortlessly integrated whole. He viewed the cosmic religious feeling as sporadic and enigmatic but real (Einsten, 1940). Yes, Einstein had a view of religion. Despite his great admiration for the principles of ethics found in the Bible, he did not accept the view that suggested a personal God in the Judeo-Christian tradition. He continued to embrace Gods view that God is an imaginative mind that displays itself in nature wonders. Einstein did not change his view on religion even as he advanced his end years on earth. Therefore, he asked science to join forces with religion since they required each other.In his text, he states that science without religion is lame, and religion without science is blind (Einsten,

The IMPACT OF A MARKETING MIX

The IMPACT OF A MARKETING MIX Marketing Mix is defined as the collection of various marketing tools which can be blended very well to obtain greater response from the market. Anything and everything which a company or an organisation does to influence and encourage consuming them also will be key factor in the market mix The term marketing mix has been used for almost 50yrs to describe that mix of factors over which an organisation has some specific control. It affects far more than the basic product or service, embarrassing not only aspects of total product but everything that can be considered as part of total marketing offering Adock 2001:168 There are several marketing tools but the major four marketing factors which are very common in business relates to the marketing sector are Product, Price, Promotion and Place Considering Indian Premier League (IPL) in an entertainment industry framework, we are doing the service marketing mix, three additional variables are also there- People, Physical Evidence and Process are included to produce a 7Ps mix. Based on the above stated seven factors we are attempting to do the Marketing Mix of the Indian Premier League (IPL) in our coursework. While non-cricketing attributes that matter in IPL, the success is mainly relying on the core competencies of cricket players. Always a new business model is understood to mean a value proposition which is offered to the market as the revenue sources or targeted consumer segments. The key elements are: Matches customer needs Effective Marketing Mix Well Blended Creates competitive advantage Matches Corporate Resources Fig No 1: Hallmarks of an effective Marketing Mix (Jobber 2010: 20) PRODUCT The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a service that used to meet the needs of the spectators, because product is not to be necessarily an object it can be related to services, ideas and some situations it can even relates to the people and place also. Physical products can be tangible but pure services are intangible. This means the customers suffer high risk in their decision making and three elements of extended marketing mix are important to influence the customer of service quality. A product can be defined as anything that satisfies a want or need through use, consumption or acquisition John 2010:250 The Indian Premier League is an International brand which is implemented by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).The IPL consists of eight different teams which is located in some of the Indias biggest cities. The IPL is the Twenty20 (20 overs per team) tournament contested between this eight Indian city franchises. When we take IPL as a business rather than a game then IPL is the product or service the assets are the players of these teams and the market is the spectators and the television audience. Revenues can be generated from different ways like entry ticket, stadium advertising, player endorsements and television rights. The change that happened to the cricket in the recent years is the establishment and success of the IPL. The tournament consists of around 60 matches and team consists of international and domestic players as well as new players. The first season began in April 2008 in India. The second was moved to South Africa because of security concerns due to the Indian general elections. The concept of the Indian Premier League (IPL) has been accepted by International Cricket Council (ICC). As Indian Premier League (IPL) was created by BCCI particularly by Lalit Modi IPL Commissioner and vice president of BCCI modelled on the basis of English Football Premier League, which clearly stated the power of BCCI over Indian Cricket. The huge success of the second season in South Africa shows that the location is only secondary stage to entertainment value. IPL has rather made big changes in Indias socio economic path. The important point is that IPL has made the level of professionalism which was not seen before in BCCI. BRAND IPL is a service of its kind which has made its own image in marketing prospective globally in entertainment service. The brand name of a service can also influence the perception of a service. The characteristics of a successful brand name are distinctiveness, relevance, memorability and flexibility Jobber 2010:841 The UK based brand consultancy, brand finance has valued IPL at $4.2billion in 2010.It has valued $2.01billion in 2009 by the same consultancy. The eight franchises was also being part of this growth. The London Times reported that all but Kings XI Punjab made a profit in the first season. Rank Franchise Brand Value 1 Chennai Super Kings $ 48.4m 2 Kolkata Knight Riders $ 46m 3 Rajasthan Royals $ 45.2m 4 Royal Challengers Bangalore $ 41.9m 5 Mumbai Indians $ 40.8m 6 Delhi Daredevils $ 40.5m 7 Kings XI Punjab $ 36.1m 8 Deccan Chargers $ 34.4m PLC Reasons for the success of IPL The main reason for the success of the IPL was demand. The fan base determines demand and this made the revenues, profits and the franchise values. The IPL was financially viable because of the entertainment that is packaged, markets and sale was fulfilling the fans demand. Product Market The service market establishes the different ways on the basis of business marketing concepts. As far as IPL is concerned the interest will depend upon the level of competition in the league. That is based upon the interest of BCCI, to make sure the level of competition which sustains the demand and determines the long term liability of the league. The level of competition depends upon the number of teams in the league, the structure of the league system versus a single tier system number of matches in a season, end of season, play offs and tournaments, salary caps and the free agency. Customer function dimension: This involves the benefits that are provided to satisfy the needs of organisational buyers (Thomas 2010: 220). In IPL the franchises are engaging in activities that strengths the demand generating fan base. They made themselves financially viable by implementing brand value maximising decisions to make what viewers need from the IPL matches and how they are imperative to increase their franchise value. IPL matches are widened their viewer base attracted a number of women and children. Technology based dimension: There are alternative ways to perform a particular function (Thomas 2010:220). At a technical level based on Packers World Series Cup (WSC), IPL has scheduled every matches in evening and night, more camera angles, video replays, best commentary teams and onscreen statistics on an impressive way. It improved television coverage, sponsorships and marketing. Value Added system dimension: Competitors serving the market can operate a long sequence of stages (Thomas 2010: 220). In IPL the paying capacity will defer for different spectators. The franchises are recognising this and the price is changing according to the fans willingness to pay made a huge impact in the revenues. As an example, decision regarding seat allocation in the stadium daily tickets versus season tickets versus box seats and pricing of seats in the various sections of the stadium by a good understanding and consumer behaviour. PRICE Price is basically the odd one out of the marketing mix as it is the revenue earner, when compared to the rest of the three elements of the marketing mix (Product, Promotion Place) which are costs. Price is a really important element of the marketing mix as it drives the product to the customers vicinity. (Jobber 2004: 376). Price is a key marketing tool for various reasons, it is difficult to evaluate a service before purchase there price may act as an indicator of quality and creative pricing can help for smooth demand (controlling demand). IPL has made contracts with different private sector and nationalised banks for selling the tickets through them, by this they can reach to the public quite easily. The IPL has generated the income through different ways. The auction for the eight franchises fetched $723.59million in 2008.On 2010 there was auction for two more teams which fetched $703million and the teams has spent $650.4 for bidding the players . IPL got the deal with DLF, Indias largest construction firm for $200 million for the title sponsor IPL signed up Kingfisher Airlines as the official umpire partner for a series at $ 24.06 million. The deal was the umpire uniforms will be of Kingfisher brand and also on the giant screen on the third umpire decision. IPL has made a contract with India Sony Entertainment television and Singapore based World Sport Group (WSG) for the global broadcasting rights on a record deal of $1.97billion for ten years including 2017 IPL season on 15th Jan 2008 Demand curve graph Whatever the amount collected 20% of these proceeds would go to IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be distributed to the franchises. After the first successful first season in 2008 the second season which was held at South Africa proved that this league has shaken the sport at an international level, showed the shift of power from the developed world to emerging economy like India. The auction process showed that commercial values were not the same as cricketing values. The creation of the IPL has resulted in an instant windfall for BCCI with the league signing up deals worth over $1.749billion in terms of broadcast right, franchise sales and sponsorships .The 64% of the revenue generated through all broadcasting and sponsorship will go to franchises and as guaranteed the franchises get 80%of television revenue in first two years declining to 50% in the third year. To add this they receive 60 %of central sponsorship for the first 10 years and 50% thereafter. This is because the league wants to maximise the value of team owners. Sponsorship has played a critical role in IPL to make the other companies in Indian market to make deals with either team or individual players to promote the brand to the public. When the league was shifted to South Africa, to maintain revenues, team owners and co-sponsors came up with innovative ideas to make presence of IPL in Indian and South African markets. As an example the UB Group owner of the (Royal Challenger Bangalore) announced special travel packages on Kingfisher Airlines (an international airline owned by UB Group) for Indians heading to South Africa to watch the tournament. PROMOTION The intangible element of any service is difficult to communicate. Promotion is the most essential part of the organisation which helped to communicate to the world about the service. There are different ways for promoting a service. Advertising Any kind of promotional activity that has been paid by the company, but the company is not directly involved can be termed as advertising. The sources for that kind of promotions are newspaper, television, radio etc. The advantages of these kind of promotions are that you get support from the people who know about what customers like to see read and hear. The benefit of this is you dont need to put extra effort to promote by yourself. As newspaper, television and radio are commonly accepted for their widespread network in the advertisement field so that it will reach to most of its customers. The drawback for this kind of advertising is that the lack of customer interaction. They will be telecasting different advertisements on all the channels in every ad break throughout the day so that it will help the people to remember about it. Television Advertisement (Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBBIrcKBMWkNR=1feature=fvwp) Public Relations In public relations word of mouth plays an important role to success for services because of their experiential nature. Viral communications-sometimes called electronic word of mouth is been effectively used to promote IPL Online Promotion The new media like online promotion can also be used to promote services. Indian Premier League (IPL) use targeted emails to encourage customers. IPL will be sending online advertisements to keep reminding about the dates of the matches .The sponsors will also be telecasting there advertisements on the basis of IPL and promoting the merchandisers Social Media Environments IPL is making a very good social media environment like Facebook and twitter very well to interact with the individuals. This will help to get the feedback which can be taken as a suggestion. Through Facebook and twitter IPL is updating the match reviews and live scores so that it can be beneficial those who doesnt have access to the television. In 2010 IPL has made a successful venture to keep live streaming in social networking site You Tube (www.youtube.com/t20) PLACE PEOPLE As far IPL is concerned the market comprises spectators and the television audience. The IPL can be said as a step for globalisation of cricket from India. It can appeal to market as diverse as Europe, Japan, Malaysia US. Around 20million Asian and Caribbean fan base migrants are in North America. China is one of the other potential market of interest which made a recent interest to participate in the 2019 cricket world cup by the Chinese authorities.IPL is expanding the cricket viewership. The principle form of change in the success of IPL is geography and innovation. The Asian sub-continent which consists of top of ten cricket playing nations is India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Bangladesh. Therefore it provides largest audience for cricket. The Indian market alone is the worlds pay-television market, with almost 70million households subscribing to sports channels. In 2010 the third season has been attracted to 200million viewers in India alone. That compares with a global audience of 4 50million of the last FIFA world cup. When people enjoy their work it is clear from their body language and the tone of their voice. They give of positive messages about their employer and will go the extra mile for their clients too. The company brand enjoys a very real boost as a result. Ross Urquhart, MD of RPM (Jobber 2010: 846). During the off season the interest in IPL format is being sustained by creation of trade window, during which players can be traded between franchises. Research by the IPL suggest that 70% of those attending a match having never been to one before. From this 70% around 90% of this people went to more matches. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE It is an environment in which the service is delivered in IPL, venues are the environment in which games performs. A very well organised opening and closing ceremonies will be conducted where it will be performed by world class performers and a spectacular laser show will be a centre of attraction. All the franchises have the cheer leaders to support their team throughout the match progresses. In an attempt to emulate the American Sports teams one of the franchises even imported cheerleaders from Washington Redskins. PROCESS It is a procedure, mechanisms and flow of mechanisms by which a service is acquired (Jobber 2010: 846). A good marketing means it has to happen in all the levels from marketing department to where its service is provided. IPL is providing a good spectacular event for all the spectators even in television as well as live. They have scheduled the matches in prime time so that it is good time for the targeted customers. The major key for the long term success of IPL is that rearing of the solid fan base. They can provide a cost effected entertainment demanded by the fans. Team composition should be reflecting the demand of fans. They can add celebrity players, local players, foreign players, hard hitters, all-rounders as well. The spectators will analyse the team on basis of these factors and the price it is willing to pay. Even they can make use of this social networking websites to get more supporters for their own teams in the matches.

Anchee Mins Katherine: A Lesson In Survival :: Anchee Min Katherine Essays

Anchee Min's Katherine: A Lesson In Survival Born in Shanghai, China, in 1957, under the rule of Chairman Mao, China’s communist leader, Anchee Min followed the teachings of Mao (Book Reporter). In 1974, she worked at a labor camp for some time. In 1984, she came to America, and by 1994 her memoir, Red Azalea, became an international bestseller (book jacket). Katherine, her first novel, was published in 1995. Min’s Katherine has been called by a Vogue reviewer, â€Å"a powerful lesson in survival† (book jacket). We see the central character and narrator, Zebra Wong, face many tribulations and, in the end, come out the survivor. Zebra is twenty-nine years of age, unmarried, and living in Shanghai with her parents and brother. In her native China, the Cultural Revolution has just come to an end, but many of her peers and fellow countrymen are still heavily influenced by the teachings of Chairman Mao Zedong and his administration. Revealing intimate details about her past, piece by piece, Zebra evokes suppressed feelings: â€Å"I didn’t want to take a thing with me, not even my clothes. Anything that could possibly be a reminder of what happened, I discarded†(16). With these vague indications of something horrible having happened to her, slowly Zebra’s past becomes clear. Katherine, the title character, is a teacher from America who has come to China to teach students the English language, and along the way gives Zebra and her classmates a sense of freedom. She is a foreigner referred to by Zebra as â€Å"one of the foreign imperialist we were taught to shoot†(3). Even so, through Katherine’s guidance and benevolence, we learn more about Zebra’s past. Zebra opens up to her in a way she never has before. She tells Katherine that she used to work at Elephant Fields, a dangerous labor camp that frightened Zebra, where she was sent to the work with dynamite. â€Å"I witnessed several fatal accidents on the job and I began to feel very scared†(81). Not only was Elephant Fields a perilous place to work, but her boss â€Å"seduced and raped† her (81). At the labor camp, Zebra discovers that she is carrying the child of the man that abused her. With China’s strict ideas on a pregnant woman’s life without marriage, â€Å"In China, any woman who got pregnant before marriage destroyed her future†(82), Zebra’s strong desire not to bear Mr.

Examine the Reasons for Changes in the Patterns of Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce Essay

â€Å"Examine the reasons for changes in the patterns of marriage, divorce and cohabitation over the past 40 years. † The patterns of marriage, divorce and cohabitation over the past 40 years has varied considerably. In 1972, over 480,000 couples got married subsequently making this the highest amount of marriages within a year ever since the Second World War. According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) this was down to the baby boom generation of the 1950’s reaching the age of marriage. However, after this period, the number of marriages in England went into decline. Recently, marriages reached an all-time low in 2005 when only 244,701 couples got married. Less than half of what it was in 1972. Some people accuse society of rejecting marriage and are no longer bothered about it but, statistics prove otherwise. These statistics reveal that people are, in fact, delaying marriage. It is said that people most people will marry later in life, most likely after a period of cohabitation. Reasons for this may be that couples are being wary before making any serious commitments. Proof that supports the â€Å"marrying later in life† idea is that the average age of a bride in 2003 was 29 and all grooms 31 years old compared with 22 for women and 24 for men in 1971. Specifically, women may want to delay marriage for reasons such as advancing in their career prospects. Not only is there a drop in the total number of marriages but also a decline in marriage rates (the number of people marrying per 1000 of the population aged 16 and over). Marriage rates are at their lowest since the 1920’s and further plummeting. In 1994, the marriage rate was 11. 4 but this had declined to 10. by 2004. The male rate declined from 36. 3 in 1994 to 27. 8 in 2004 whilst the female rate declined from 30. 6 to 24. 6. Once more, surveys emphasis that most people, whether single, divorced or cohabitating still see marriage as a desirable life-goal and therefore will get married eventually especially if they are having children as they see this as the basis of family life. Another change in the pattern of marriage is that two fifths of all marriages are remarriages. These people are clearly faithful to the institution of marriage in spite of their previous negative experience of it. The reason for this trend could possibly be due to their first marriages, which were empty-shell marriages. This is where there is no love or intimacy between them, but the marriage persists for the sake of the children until they are old enough. They might then decide to start a new life, including getting remarried. Such options are available to civilization for several reasons. Changes to the attitude of marriage has ensured that there is less pressure to marry and that there is more freedom to choose what type of relationship people want to live in. The norm that everyone ought to get married has greatly weakened. This is visible by the decline in stigma attached to marriage – cohabitation, remaining single and having children outside of marriage is now all regarded as acceptable. Giddens (1993) and Goode (1963) both argue that there is a trend towards adopting Westernised forms of marriage and family structure. They believe that we are slowly moving towards having the free choice of choosing our spouse, that there is a decline in arrange marriage and an increase towards egalitarian marriage and the notion of no sexual experience prior to marriage seems to be changing. Coleman and Salt (1992) also support this view as they believe that traditional views are being challenged by new idea, new economic roles for women, new laws and family planning. Dennis (19840 similarly suggests the same idea claiming that modern marriages are fragile and are only held together by emotional ties. He thinks that if these ties fail, then there is little reason for a couple to remain together. Regardless of the reduction in the overall number of people marrying, married couples are still the main type of partnership for men and women in the UK. In 2005, seven in ten families were headed by a married couple. In the terms of Divorce – the legal termination of marriage, this has increased immensely since 1971 due to the change in legislation that had liberalized divorce, made it cheaper and easier to obtain. The Divorce Reform Act of 1971 was the most important because prior to 1971, one partner had to provide ‘evidence’ that they had been wronged by the significant other (matrimonial offence). Due to the change of the law, it allowed people to divorce on the basis of â€Å"irretrievable breakdown†. In addition, since 1984, the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act reduced the time limit for divorce for a minimum of 3 years of marriage to only one year. After this act, the divorce rate shot up again, as it did in 1971. Now, people were finally able to legally to end all connections, as previously when divorce was either too expensive or difficult to obtain, separation was very common, which was when a couple decided to live away from each other. To go into more detail of the trend of increased divorces, in 1993, the number of divorces peaked at 180,000. By 2000, this figure had fallen to 154,000, lthough the years 2001 – 2004 have seen a gradual rise to 167,100. There is now almost as many divorces as there is marriages and if recent trends continues, almost 40% of marriages will end in divorce. An adequate reason for this increased style of divorcing is that it is no longer linked with stigma and shame. The British culture is hugely based on Christian beliefs and one of these beliefs is that marriage is for life (‘till death do us part’). Nevertheless, over the years secularisation and a change in attitudes has emerged and the view that divorce can lead to greater happiness for the individual is more acceptable. Wilson (1966) agrees with this as he believes that the Christian ideal of lifelong marriage is taken less seriously as less than half of marriages ceremonies are now religious and few couple are regular churchgoers. Another view is that people now have a higher standard of marriage and increased expectation. Fletcher (1966) argues that couples are less likely to put up with doomed ‘empty-shell’ marriages, thus making divorce more common. However, at the same times, most divorcees remarry, suggesting that they do not reject the institution of marriage but expect more from the relationship. Another reason which contributes to the increase of divorce rates is down to women wanting to improve educational and career opportunities. Increase to women employments has ensured for women to be economically and financially independent. So women who were previously stuck in ‘empty-shell’ marriages because of their inability to support themselves – now do not have to. Fletcher greatly agreed with this argument but women’s earnings are still less than 755 of men’s. Many women are in low paid and part time work, so their opportunities for financial independence are limited. Feminist sociologists note that women expectations of marriage have changed radically over the years. Evidence of this is that 75% of divorce petitions are made by women, indicating dissatisfaction among women with their marriages and their husbands. This can support Thornes and Collard’s (1979) view that women expect more from marriage than men and the value friendship and emotional gratification more than men do. If the male spouse fails to live up to these expectations, women may feel the need to search elsewhere. Lastly, Functionalist sociologists argue that high divorce rates indicate that marriage is progressively valued and that people are demanding higher standards from their partners. They believe that couples are not refusing to put up with hopeless, ‘empty-shell’ marriages as people now want emotionally and sexually compatibility, and equality as well as companionship. It is a fact that some will even go through various people just to search for ‘the one’ and if they marry every time they meet a new partner, then they are obviously going to contributing to the rising divorce rates. Cohabitation is a trend that has been on the rise for the last decade. The proportion of non-married people cohabiting has risen sharply in the last 20 years from 11% of men and 13% of women in 1986 to 24% and 25% respectively. In 2007, the Office for Nation Statistics (ONS) suggested that cohabitating couples are the fastest growing type of family in Britain. For instance, there are around 2. 2 million cohabiting couples with or without children and about a quarter of all unmarried adults under 60 are now cohabiting – double the number in 1986. This specific form of relationship has increased by 65% since 1997. In addition, the ONS data suggested that a third of teenagers in 2007 were destined to cohabit rather than marry compared with one in ten of their grandparents. As gathered, the trend is on the rise, raising a few questions from researchers as to why this is happening. One reason would be that people like to cohabit to â€Å"test the water†. During this period, they (the couple) will assess and analyse each other to see if they are well-matched and whether they will be able to live with one another before making any serious commitments. After all, cohabitation on average lasts 5 years, which from then on 60% of cohabitees will then join in matrimony. Another reason for the increase of cohabitation is that there are a significant number of people who live together whilst in the process of divorce. For example, in 2005, 23% of cohabiting men were separated from former partners while 36% were divorced. So granting a person may be married, they have separated and moved into another house to live with as person they have met. This will be then considered as a cohabitee. A third reason contributing to the rise of cohabitation is that people are baffled by the cost of marriages. According to Wedding Guide UK, the average cost of a traditional wedding in the UK is around ? 11,000. To add to this, some people are putt off by the religious ceremony of marriage. Britain has over time grown to become a secular society. Both these factors will make people refrain from marrying because in their eyes they see it as long as they are happily together, they do not need a ring or a piece of paper to prove anything else. Women do not want to marry as much anymore with increased career opportunities. Most women feel that there is less need to go throw the hassle for the financial security of marriage as they are free to opt for cohabitation. However many argue that the relationship between cohabitation and marriage is not clear cut since for some couples, cohabitation is just a step on the way of getting married, whereas for others it is a permanent alternative to marriage. Chester (1985) argues that for most people cohabitation is part of the process of getting married. For example, according to Ernestina Coast (2006) 75% of cohabiting couples say they expect to marry each other. On the other hand, some couples see cohabitation as permanent substitute to marriage. Andre Bejin (1985) argues that cohabitation among some young people represents a conscious attempt to create a more personally negotiated and equal relationship than conventional patriarchal for example Shelton and John (1993) found that women who cohabit do less house work than married women This would appeal to women as it relieves them of the worry of balancing both house work and their daily jobs which women of marriages do have to worry about. Many sociologists are now claiming that marital breakdown is the norm of todays society. Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (1995) argue rising divorce rates are the products of a rapidly changing world in which the traditional rules, rituals and tradition of love, romance and relationships no longer apply. Whereas Functionalist Robert Chester (1985) insists that even though there are new ways of living, the nuclear family will not die out but instead conform to the new traditions of todays society. Morgan (1996) and Giddens (1991) both similarly argue that divorce may have physical harm to each individual yet it brings freedom and opportunity to humanity. Morgan claims that the more divorce and re-marriages increase, the more we find ourselves part of many different families at the same time and this effects who we think we are. Giddens, once again, shadows Morgans views by saying that divorce offers people the chance to reassess who they are. In conclusion, there have many changes in the institution of marriage. Many argue that society will no longer be the same. This is considered to be very realistic as all human actions change over time.

Define and Discuss ‘Retail Experience’ Essay

Define and discuss ‘retail experience’. Use a case study example to demonstrate its application. How does the retailer create and enhance value? Define and discuss ‘retail experience’. Use a case study example to demonstrate its application. How does the retailer create and enhance value? David Olu RETAIL MANAGEMENT Define and discuss ‘retail experience’. Use a case study example to demonstrate its application. How does the retailer create and enhance value? When people go shopping they want to encounter an enjoyable experience which will satisfy their needs so in recent years retailers have tried to take the shopping experience to another level in order to encourage consumers to build a relationship with the brand. The purpose of this essay will be to outline what is meant by the term â€Å"retail experience†. The main focus will be on a particular case study involving Apple in order to explain how the retailer goes on to enhance value. Retail experience can be seen as a process in which a retailer packages an experience together with products. (Berman B & Evans J 2010) highlight that â€Å"A Retailers image depends heavily on its â€Å"atmosphere†. When looking at atmosphere it is the psychological feeling a customer gets when visiting the retailer.’’ It is noted that atmosphere can influence hedonic value this is an important aspect of the experience, because this is what plays a vital role in gaining a customer’s interest and it can help in leading the customer into the buying process. All of the major retailers will aim to provide a relaxing environment for their consumers because shopping is considered as fun and pleasurable (Jones, 1999). There are some key factors that contribute to this, first we look at music because it provides entertainment for shoppers Turley and Chebat (2002). Followed by lighting the appropriate use of it,  such as product spotlighting and dim ambient lighting, and thirdly the use of bright and vibrant colours. Swinyard (1993) reiterated this by pointing out that â€Å"Mood states are present in virtually every shopping encounter, and could have a significant effect on shopping behaviour†. And In Relation to this (Kemp and Kopp 2011) also put forward that Emotions shape our everyday existence, including our consumption and purchase behaviour. So this could mean that a consumer in a bad mood may tend to view shopping activities differently from one in a good mood. When a customer enters the store atmosphere they are not able to experience the music in seclusion or smell the scent without seeing the colours as well they do not walk on the floor-covering without feeling the ambient temperature. The typical customer experiences amounts of all these and other incentives as an on-going, collective experience. So it can be argued that most buying environments are purposefully designed to produce specific emotional effects in shoppers. Berman & Evans J (2010) argued that â€Å"The presentation merchandise and the displays that bring shoppers into the store are very important in creating a retail image. So other factors which have to be considered when looking at retail experience is the layout of the shop itself because if the shop is nicely laid out it will encourage customers to spend more time in the shop than originally planned. So retailers have to consider the layout of the products and how they can appeal to customers and also clearly labelled displays if they have any in order to make the customers indentify what is on sell clearly. So it is always essential for a business to ensure that the shop is properly organised. A store exterior provides a powerful impact on a business’s image this should be planned effectively a store exterior consists of the total physical exterior of the store itself, with a storefront most retailers can present a traditional, trendy, upscale environment, in relation to retail experience customers who happen to pass a shop they usually judge a store by its exterior so this can be used to draw in customers with things like display windows showing products will be able to catch a customer’s attention  straight away most retailers make use of mannequins in order to grab people’s attention. Customers always want to feel valued and welcomed when they visit a shop so when they enter the shop they expect a good customer service from the members of staff this is crucially essential for an organisation to manage. Because not only will shoppers appreciate the store due to the products offered, or atmospherics’ but they will have more of a strong interest due to the kindness of the salesperson (Lombart and Jeandrain, 2003). If the members of staff are always available and helpful it will create a customer satisfaction and this can be considered as a key determining factor with benefits of repeat shopping and buying behaviour if managed effectively so with this it means that customers will always have a good experience, when they encounter polite and helpful members of staff and this will also create a positive image for the business. Promotion is another tool in which retailers will aim to provide satisfaction to their customers so in order for them to do this they implement special offers as a strategy to achieve this, if an organisation regularly provides promotion as part of its experience it will find that they will attract more customers. So for example retailers like Tesco or Asda regularly offer promotion and they go head to head on offers in order to gain draw in more people. Not only will offering promotions attract repeat custom it will also allow the organisation to generate profit. All different kind of Retailers will try to use different ways in order to bring that retail experience that their consumers desire so retailers who connect with customers through experiences which are personally relevant , memorable, interactive and also emotional are more likely to increase sales and brand loyalty and this is why experience stores such as Apple have emerged, reason being that they want customers to bond with the brand, at first hand , a â€Å"try before you buy† approach . Apple is one of the biggest leading technology companies in the world apple provides customers with an attractive and relaxed environment where they can  handle. â€Å"Apple has been developing its experience stores since 2001 and by the end of 2008 the company had opened some 250 increasingly sophisticated stores† (Jones, & Comfort, 2010). Benghazi (2012) States that entertaining browsing experiences might help a browser to learn more about the offers and characteristics. Customers will be able to use knowledge in order to make a decision on whether they should purchase the product or not so in regards to this Apple provide their consumers with a live interaction of their products for example the Apple store in London’s regent street lets customers get involved in â€Å"Getting started workshops† this includes showing customers how to set up a new Mac, connecting to the internet and sending emails. This goes to show that Apple are trying to involve their customers with a firsthand experience of the brand and the products they offer, the experience goes beyond the store itself the company provides summer camps for children and youth workshops. Children aged 8-12 years get what is known as a â€Å"hands-on Mac experience, during a 3 hour workshop 8-13years olds can compose a song â€Å"in a garage band†, construct a photo album and create key note presentations. This illustrates on how Apple are trying to expand retail experience to their customers by going beyond the in store experience this will in return generate a positive outcome for Apple. Within regards to the designs of the stores, the interior represents three values, which are transparency, community and service. There is the open spacious interior containing the computers, IPods and IPhones which are neatly placed on tables this portrays transparency. Community is encouraged by the store through its theatre and its lounging areas and then the commitment into services is branded into customers minds as they are able to visit the genius bar, each store is looked at as a place where people can feel comfortable and are not intimidated by technology. Apple stores may be designed to sell but also at the same time they are designed to teach, customers who walk into an apple store just for a casual play of the products can find that the experience can quickly turn into some serious learning. When we look at a typical apple store it has three  spaces the first one is usually for play and for purchasing, and the other one is for learning a customer would typically come across these areas in that order. The shop is laid out in a simple manner enabling the customers to move around freely to admire the products within the store. Like any other store, apple stores consist of members of staff who wear a blue t-shirt with the apple logo in the middle making them easily recognisable to the public as the staff with a casual look. There always there to help customers with their knowledge on how to use the products. The members of staff always ensure to ask customers if they need help if the customer looks lost, this type of retail setting allows customers and members of staff to interact as the members of staff are always asked questions in regards to the products, and the questions that the customers ask the staff guide the learning and they reveal what has been learned and what else is there left to be learned. So in a sense Apple have able to take the relationship between the customers, staff members and the store to a different level of retailing and learning. The Apple store has built relevance into every section of the shop, the members of staff are aware that they have to start with the customer and with whatever knowledge the customer knows and then progress on from there. Despite the technology the apple store experience is more focused on forming a relationship with the products rather than just focusing on products. An Apples store experience generally provides a powerful image about the brand Apple is able to combine products together with service effectively in order to reward their customers with a unique experience in which customers are able to feel like learners who are able to develop valuable skills. The Apple store learning experience is greatly adapted and focused on the interests and the needs of the individual customer. Conclusion Retail experience is vital for all of the retailers to establish in order to looking at Apple they have successfully established an environment where customers would want to come back again and again so in conclusion Apple has shown that they value their customers by ensuring that their customers experience the products at first hand and by also taking that experience out  of the store by providing their customers with things like summer camps. It is vital that Apple continue to bring this experience to their customers because it will mean that they will generate repeat custom and also they will be able to attract new customers. Bibliography Books Berman, B. and Evans, J. (2010) Retail management a strategic approach. 11th Ed. New Jersey: Pearson education Inc, p.508, 509,510,512. Internet Sonera, T. (2006). Apple case study. Available: www.buyukdemirci.com/Apple/Apple_case_.pdf. Last accessed 18th November 2012. Journals Ballantine, P. et al. (2010) Atmospheric cues and their effect on the hedonic retail. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 38 (8), p.1, 2. Burns, D. and Neisner, L. (2006) Customer satisfaction in a retail setting: The contribution of emotion. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34 (1), p.50, 51. Jones, P. et al. (2010) Retail experience stores: experiencing the brand at first. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28 (3), p.243. KEMP, E. and KOPP, S. (2011) Emotion in consumption. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 10: p.1. Kronrod, A. et al. (2012) Hedonic Consumption and compliance with assertive messages. Journal of Consumer Research, Inc., 39 (1), p.52. Nsairi, Z. (2012) Managing browsing experience in retail stores through. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 40 (9), p.678. Swinyard, W. (199300) The Effects of Mood, Involvement, and Quality of Store Experience on Shopping Intentions. Journal of consumer research, 20p.271. Washor, E. et al. (2009) At the Core of the Apple Store: Images of Next Generation Learning. The Phi Delta Kappan, 91 (2), p.61, 62, 63

Improving Breakfast Guest Satisfaction Tourism Essay Essays

Improving Breakfast Guest Satisfaction Tourism Essay Essays Improving Breakfast Guest Satisfaction Tourism Essay Essay Improving Breakfast Guest Satisfaction Tourism Essay Essay excessively low compared to the trade name criterion ( 72 % ) and merely under the RAH end ( 62.7 % ) for breakfast ( appendices 2-3 ) In this assignment it will be researched if guest satisfaction can be improved by preparation, actuating and prosecuting the employees. Breakfast service and dinner service should be up to the same criterions, invitees leave a hotel largely after holding breakfast, non after holding dinner. If the breakfast experience is truly bad, invitees will bury the good dinner they had and the overall nutrient and drink experience will be downgraded. 1.3 Problem statement and research inquiries The job statement is derived from the above described job in the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel. Bettering breakfast guest satisfaction by bettering employee satisfaction A instance survey in the Renaissance Amsterdam hotel The undermentioned inquiries are designed to reply this job statement: 1. What is the hotels current place? 2. What is guest satisfaction? 3. What is employee satisfaction? 4. How is the breakfast service presently operated? 5. How to actuate and develop the employees of the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel? 6. What is the relationship between employee- and guest satisfaction? 1.4 Overview The following chapter will lucubrate on the methodological analysis of this research. It will give a theoretical overview of different research methods and instruments. Furthermore all research inquiries will be discussed together with the research method and instrument chosen for this inquiry. At the terminal of this chapter there will be an overview of all research inquiries, methods and instruments applied and there will be explained why certain picks have been made. Once all research methods and instruments are decided on, the existent research can be done. Chapter 2: Methodology 2.1 Preview In this chapter the methodological analysis of the research will be discussed. A theoretical overview over different research methods and instruments will be given and for every research inquiry it will be discussed what method and instrument will be used in order to acquire the best reply to the inquiry. And the terminal of this chapter an overview can be found of the different research inquiries and the different methods and instruments. 2.2 Research methods and instruments 2.2.1 Research Methods When planing a research, it is really of import to see the different research methods in order to acquire all the information relevant to the research. In this paragraph it is described wich research methods can be used and when these methods are applicable. After discoursing these methods a determination will be made which method is usefull for this assignment. Qualitative research vs. Quantitative research When carry oning a research, a differentiation between qualitative and quantitative research is made. Quality is the indispensable character or nature of something ; measure is the sum. Quality is the what ; measure is the how much. Qualitative refers to the significance, the definition or analogy or theoretical account or metaphor qualifying something, while quantitative assumes the significance and refers to a step of it ( Steinbeck, 1941 ) Qualitative research is a type of research that provides information about the human side of a topic. The information of a qualitative research will reflect behaviours, beliefs, sentiments, emotions and relationships of people. Qualitative research is a good type of research to utilize when researching the behaviour, perspectives or feelings of a little population. ( Denzin NK, 2001 ) Qualitative research methods are for illustration ; in deepness interviews used for roll uping more personal information, or concentrate groups where a group of people are asked about their perceptual experiences, sentiments, beliefs and attitudes towards a certain topic, largely inquiries are asked in an synergistic group puting. Quantitative research is a research technique that is used to garner quantitative informations, information covering with statistics and Numberss, everything that is mensurable. Statisticss, tabular arraies and graphs are methods to show this type of information. The most common quantitative research method is a study questionnaire done by a big population ( over 100 ) . The chief difference between qualitative and quantitative research is that the result of a qualitative research is more dependable on the accomplishments of the research worker, interview accomplishments and observations accomplishments for illustration are really of import. On the other manus the result of a quantitative research is more dependable on the strength of the research instrument. ( Clark M, 1998 ) A good set-up study with the right inquiries is truly of import in order to acquire a good overview of the population. Furthermore quantitative studies use pre-coded closed inquiries. If a research is done to how muchaˆÂ ¦ or how oftenaˆÂ ¦ those inquiries are perfect, but, when a research worker wants to cognize more about for illustration how people feel about a certain subject a qualitative research would be more appropriate. Although people can scale their negative feeling towards the working ambiance between 0 and 5, with 5 the most negative, you neer know pre cisely how much this negative feeling truly is. Amongst a batch of research workers it is discussed what would be the best type of research. But, the type of research should ever be driven from the type of capable and hence be the most applicable to that topic. ( Andrew Sanchez, 2006 ) Into add-on to this separation between qualitative and quantitative research methods, there is besides a differentiation between desk research and field research. Desk research is a research of information already gathered for other intents that the current research. This information or information are besides called Secondary Data . The chief intents of desk research are to derive information about the company, hotel, topic of the research, the rivals, economic tendencies, market tendencies and demographic tendencies. All already produced information is used to derive more information about the research subject. Desk research is frequently done throughout the research and therefore can besides assist to make a proper field research. A field research is done by direct contact with the research worker and the topic of research. The information derived from this research ca nt be found by making desk research. The information gathered by this research is called Primary Data these a re informations that has been merely gathered for the intent of the specific research. Research I 2.2.4 Research Instruments Research instruments are data aggregation tools assisting the research worker to reply the research inquiry. Different research instruments can be used to reply the same research inquiry. Different research methods request different research instruments. In this paragraph different instruments are discussed and the instruments utile for this research will be chosen In-Depth interview This instrument is a qualitative instrument and can besides be called a personal interview. This is a two manner conversation initiated by a research worker to obtain information from a respondent. The greatest advantage is the deepness of information and item that can be secured. It far exceeds the information secured from telephone and self-administered surveies, mails studies or computing machine. The interviewer can besides make more things to better the quality of the information received than with another method ( Cooper, 1998 ) . The interviewer does hold more control, they can see the behaviour of the respondent, if the individual is misanthropic, emotional or angry about a certain topic. A disadvantage is that personal interviews are clip devouring. If a high sum of respondents is needed, a batch of interviews have to be done. Besides that, people can be loath to speak with aliens ( if the interviewer is a alien ) or on the other manus does nt desire to give excessively much personal information or show feelings if the interviewer is known to the respondent. Focus groups A focal point group is a panel of people led by a moderator who meet for 90 proceedingss to 2 hours. The facilitator or moderator utilizations group kineticss rules to concentrate or steer the group in an exchange of thoughts, feelings, and experiences on a specific subject. Focus groups can be used to bring forth and measure thoughts or appraisal of demands ( Cooper, 1998 ) . The advantages of focal point groups are that they provide a director or researcher a speedy appreciation of the nucleus issues of a subject or job. Participants can react in their ain words and they can respond to each others responses what can take to interesting treatments about the topic. A disadvantage is that there is a limited sampling truth and to acquire a better overview quantitative instrument will be needed. Case surveies Case surveies place more accent on a full contextual analysis of events or conditions and their relationships ( Cooper, 1998 ) . Single instance surveies can be done every bit good as multiple instance surveies. The advantage of a individual instance survey is the in-depth information and cognition that is gained about a individual topic. The disadvantage of a instance survey that it relies on a batch of qualitative and quantitative informations. Self-Administered ( mail ) Surveies In a mail study, the respondent can take more clip to roll up fact, talk with others, or consider answers than is possible with personal interviews. May studies are more impersonal and supplying more namelessness than other interview methods. The chief advantage is that it is non excessively clip devouring and namelessness will excite people to give honest replies. The major disadvantage is that there is no control over the response. Furthermore there is a restriction on the length of an interview, as respondents will decline to collaborate with long or complex questionnaires. Document analysis Document analysis is a systematic process for reexamining or measuring paperss. The paperss contain text or images that were non recorded for the intents of the research. It is a qualitative research that requires that informations are examined and interpreted by the research worker in order to arouse significance, addition apprehension, and develop empirical cognition ( Corbin A ; Straus, 2008 ) . This instrument is frequently used prior to a survey and the information will be incorporated in the study. It is frequently used in combination with other qualitative instruments. The advantage of this instrument is that it gives a batch of in-depth information about the topic. A disadvantage is that there is a batch of information available and it depends on the research workers accomplishment to divide the utile information and construe it in the right manner in order to do it applicable for the research. 2.3 Chosen research methods Due to the topic of the research both types of research are needed in order to come to a proper result. Nevertheless most of the research will be Qualitative research. This because, as mentioned earlier in this chapter, qualitative research is all about the human facets. Satisfaction is an emotion or a feeling people have in a certain state of affairs and is hence really human. Qualitative research will assist replying the research inquiries about guest satisfaction and employee satisfaction, and to acquire an overview of the current breakfast operations in the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel. Quantitative research is needed to acquire an overview over a larger population of invitees and employees. This will give an result that can be measured and presented in a tabular array. All these informations used for the research are Primary informations gathered through field research. Furthermore secondary informations will be gathered by carry oning a desk research seeking information about th e hotel, and theories about guest- and employee satisfaction. 2.4 Chosen research instruments In order to happen replies to the research inquiries different research instruments will be used. First of all papers analysis will be used to garner in-depth information about the topic, but besides to acquire a better understanding about the topic. In order to acquire a good overview of the hotel, paperss will be analyzed that give information about the environment in and outside the hotel. To analyse this information different strategic analyzing tools will be used. To derive better cognition about guest- and employee satisfaction, literature about these topics will be reviewed. This instrument is chosen because it is necessary to hold in-depth information about guest- and employee satisfaction before it can be analyzed for this specific hotel. Case survey will be used to acquire a good overview about how the breakfast is operated in the hotel. This will be a individual instance survey. As it has been said, instance surveies do rely on qualitative and quantitative informations. This information will be gathered through the usage of focal point groups and self-administered studies. To find guest satisfaction, email studies will be used. Every invitee that visited gets the chance to go forth there email reference upon check-out. After the check-out procedure, studies about the overall experience during the invitees stay will be send to these email references. In these studies invitees can hit there breakfasts experiences from 1-10, judging on the nutrient quality experience and service quality experience. All rates above 7 will be counted as satisfied to cipher the guest satisfaction per centum. The expected response will be 30 per month based on old months. A higher response would be preferred but harmonizing to Marriott Standards, it is non allowed to force a invitee to make full in a study, or inquire the invitee to make full out studies during their stay ( MGS ) . However, these 30 invitees will be representative for the other invitees that stayed in the hotel at that minute. This instrument in preferred above in-depth interviews because more honorable repl ies will be given, as the invitee will respond anon. . The employee satisfaction is measured by a self-administered study. This study will be an machine-controlled study and every employee can make full this out anon. . Therefore it is excepted to have honest replies from all employees. The inquiries of this study can be found in appendix.. This is non the original mentality of the questionnaire, which is conducted by computing machine, but gives an overview of the inquiries asked. As all employees are obligatory to make full out this study a response of 30 is expected. Although this study might hold the restriction that less in-depth information is received, the result of the study can be discussed in a focal point group when necessary. The focal point groups instrument is used to find the preparation and motive demands of the employees. In this focal point group will dwell of all breakfast employees, both full clip and portion clip. The breakfast squad consists of 30 people in entire. Not all people will be reached at the same clip, hence 3 Sessionss with 10 people each clip will be scheduled. During these Sessionss the preparation and motives demands of the employees will be the chief treatment point. In appendix.. the design of this focal point group treatment will be presented. As the employees are working in a squad and interact with each other, this method will be more utile than in-depth interviews. Furthermore in-depth interviews will be more clip consuming and hence found of less usage for this research. 2.5 Research instruments applied 2.5.1 Overview In the undermentioned tabular array for each research inquiry is stipulated what sort of research will be done and what instruments will be used to reply the research inquiry. Problem statement Quantitative or Qualitative Desk or Field Instruments What is the hotels current place? ( strategic analysis ) Qualitative Desk, usage of secondary informations Document analysis. Several strategic analysing tools from direction books. Hotel Data Milligram What is guest satisfaction? Qualitative and quantitative Desk, usage of secondary informations Field, usage of primary informations Document analysis Hospitality books ( literature reappraisal ) Hotel informations. GSS studies What is employee satisfaction? Qualitative and quantitative Desk, usage of secondary informations Field, usage of primary informations Document analysis Hospitality books ( literature reappraisal ) Hotel informations Employee studies How s the breakfast service presently operated? Qualitative Desk, usage of secondary informations Field, usage of primary informations Hotel informations, guest remarks, employee remarks, focal point groups. How to actuate and develop the employees of the Renaissance Amsterdam hotel? Qualitative Desk research, Field, analysing motive A ; preparation demands Document analysis HR books. Focus groups Remarks from employees What is the relationship between employee- and guest satisfaction? Qualitative Desk research Field, GSS Document analysis GSS remarks 2.4.2 Explanation overview What is the hotels current place? ( strategic analysis ) This inquiry is chosen in order to acquire more inside information about the hotel. To come up with recommendations, an in-depth vision of the hotel is necessary. Therefore is chosen to make a strategic analysis of the company. This analysis is a qualitative research since the purpose is to happen out about the indispensable character ( Cooper A ; Schindler, 1998 ) of the company, and can besides be characterized as a case-study. Both desk and field research will be applied to reply this research inquiry the best manner. Desk research will be done by papers analysis, reexamining informations gathered from the hotel ( Secondary information ) . All this information will be put together in order to analyse the company with the aid of strategic analysing tools from direction books. What is guest satisfaction? This inquiry is chosen to understand the definition guest satisfaction . To reply this inquiry a literature reappraisal will be conducted. This analysis is a qualitative analysis and can every bit good be characterized as papers analysis, desk research. What is employee satisfaction? This inquiry is chosen to understand the definition guest satisfaction . To reply this inquiry an extended literature reappraisal will be conducted. This analysis is a qualitative analysis and can every bit good be characterized as papers analysis, desk research. How is the breakfast service presently operated? This inquiry is chosen to acquire a better position of the breakfast in the hotel. The inquiry is separated from the first inquiry ( a position of the hotels current place could besides discus breakfast ) because this is the chief focal point of the research. This analysis is a qualitative research and can every bit good be characterized as a case-study. Desk and field research will be done. Information from the hotel will be used in order to acquire a better penetration in how breakfast is presently managed. The breakfast service operations will be studied and employees will be interviewed through focal point groups. In this portion the existent guest satisfaction of the RAH will be measured. This will be done trough an study conducted by electronic mail. This will be a quantitative research done by field research. Furthermore the existent employee satisfaction of the RAH will be measured every bit good. This will be done trough a self-administered study conducted with all breakfast employees. This will be a quantitative research done by field research. How to actuate and develop the employees of the Renaissance Amsterdam hotel? To reply this inquiry a literature reappraisal will be done to acquire more penetration in motive and preparation employees. This analysis is a qualitative analysis and can every bit good be characterized as papers analysis, done by desk research. Furthermore another qualitative research instrument, focal point groups will be used to detect the motive and preparation demands of the employees. What is the relationship between employee- and guest satisfaction? With this inquiry the relationship between employee- and guest satisfaction will be researched. There for an desk analysis will be done by papers analysis ( Qualitative Research ) Furthermore the information of the Guest satisfaction studies and employee satisfaction studies ( Quantitative information ) will be discussed and linked to the theory, this field research can be characterized as a case-study. 2.5 Drumhead In this chapter the different research methods and instruments were discussed. After a survey of the theory about these topics, the methods and instruments for this research were chosen. The chief research method will be qualitative, this because satisfaction is a experiencing a individual has about a certain experience and hence really human. Qualitative research is about the human facets of an topic, opposed to quantitative research, where results are measured and can be put in tabular arraies or artworks The chief instrument will be document-analysis ( secondary informations analysis ) , this papers analysis will be done by utilizing literature about the topics discussed in this study. To analyse the current breakfast operations, the breakfast operation will be observed and the employees will be able to discourse their sentiment in a focus-group. The focal point groups is of import to analyse the interaction between the different employees en acquire a more in-depth position in their sentiments and experiences. There will be besides quantitative methods used in this research. This is used to give invitees and employees the chance to give an anon. feedback on the breakfast service. This is used alternatively of in-depth interviews as people can experience more limited when non being anon. . These methods and instruments are used to give a proper reply on all research methods. The information gathered by utilizing these instruments are displayed in the following chapter of this study. Chapter 3: Consequences 3.1 Preview In this chapter the consequences of the research will be presented. The consequences will be presented per research inquiry .etc etc nog niet af .. 3.2 What is the hotel s current place? 3.2.1 Internal analysis The internal analysis was done utilizing the 7 s Model, developed two advisers of the McKinsey Company in the early 1980 s ( Proven Models B.V. , 2011 ) . This theoretical account discusses internal facets that should be analyzed and aligned in order for a company to work decently. These factors are the undermentioned ; scheme, construction, systems, staff, manner, accomplishments and shared values. In the debut the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel major features have already been described. In this chapter the internal environment of the hotel will be described harmonizing to the old mentioned 7 S Model. Scheme The vision, mission, aims and nucleus values of MI are the drive forces behind every hotel portion of the Marriott concatenation. Vision: To be the Global Hospitality Leader . This vision is grounded in the intense focal point on taking attention of the invitee, extended operational cognition, the development of a extremely skilled and diverse work force, and offering the best portfolio of lodging trade names in the industry. As MI is considered in the top three of hotel ironss worldwide, this is an accomplishable vision. Mission: To construct trade name trueness and penchant to maximize stockholder value . The ideals from the vision are expressed in this mission statement. A mission statement guides a hotel as it seeks to accomplish the long term aims ( Olsen, 1998 ) . This mission statement indicates that through trade name trueness and penchant, which includes invitees every bit good as employees, the stockholder value will be maximized. As about all Marriott Hotels are managed by the concatenation and non owned, it is really of import maximise the stockholder value and be able to turn. Goals: as an extension of the mission and vision ends were designed. The first end is: Solidify merchandise and service leading, drive net income and optimise growing . This end gives a method for accomplishing the mission. The 2nd end gives a more mensurable indicant of the vision: Double the presence of Marriott in Europe Core Valuess: The nucleus values are based on the construct of the Spirit to Serve this spirit includes cardinal ideals of service to associates, clients, and community which serve as the basis for all Marriott Associates ( MGS ) To adhere to this scheme, the Renaissance trade name has developed its ain set of criterions and enterprises to reflect on the values stated above, these are called the R-Ways. There are 20 R-Ways and those are scheme, behavioral or community based ( Appendix.. ) . The R-ways are revolving every twenty-four hours and discussed at pre-shift meetings. Herewith the operational staff is able to discourse the different R-ways and acquire more involved in the aims of the hotel. Another really of import scheme is the selling scheme of the hotel, as how the hotel performs depends on the sale of suites. The most of import channels for this are on-line engagements and the group bookings done by the Events Booking Centre. The pricing scheme used for the sale of suites is rational this means that it is easy for the invitee to understand why a rate is asked for a specific room. Therefore a basal monetary value is set for the Deluxe room ( standard room ) and between the different room types, ever the same monetary value difference is used. Furthermore MI has the look no farther warrant. Herewith it is guaranteed that the monetary value listed on the Marriott web site is the best rate available everyplace, with exclusion of corporate rate publicities. The day-to-day rate is based on an estimated demand. This estimated demand is determined by the system Marriott One Yield LRTP ( Long Range Project Tool ) . This system uses historical informations and current res erves to find tendencies that help to foretell the demand for that specific twenty-four hours. In appendix.. a tabular array is shown that compares the figures of the RHI to the figures from the Hosta Benchmark Report. This figure shows that the tenancy and room rate are higher than benchmarked. Structure The Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel employs about 215 employees of at least 25 different nationalities. The construction of the hotel is of functional design. This means grouping directors and employees harmonizing to their countries of expertness and the resources they use to execute their occupations ( Hellregiel et al, 2005 ) . This construction has economical benefits because the simple construction keeps administrative disbursals low as everyone in a section can portion preparation, experience and resources. Furthermore, calling waies are clearly to be seen by employees within their ain section. An organisational chart can be found in appendix Disadvantages of the construction can be that an unequal communicating between units can happen as sections focus more on their departmental instead than organisational issues and ends. Furthermore horizontal linkages are hard to do as employees are specifically trained. For illustration an nutrient and drink employee wo nt be able to help at the front office. However, since the undertakings and duties are really specific and different per section, it is of import to hold the company structured clearly and hence this construction beneficial to the manner of operating in the hotel. Furthermore the lines of communicating are really clear to all employees, an operational employee will describe merely to the Supervisor on Duty and the supervisor will pass on if necessary upwards to their director. In this same manner directors or managers will pass on information to operational employees. Systems The Property Management System that is used in the RAH is OPERA used chiefly by the suites section. Used by the suites section but besides the gross revenues and selling section is MARSHA an Global Reservations System used by all Marriott s over the universe. The F A ; B section uses MICROS as an Point of Sale System. Each section has its ain system to treat, analyse and update informations, but the chief systems mentioned above are used to hold all sections informed about of import invitee informations. Another of import system is MGS, Marriott Global Source. This is a website merely accessible for Marriott employees and is a beginning of information and cognition for all Marriott s worldwide. Following to the computerized systems, the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel besides has operational systems in topographic point. One of these systems are the Brand Standards. These criterions are developed by the Head Office and every different Marriott trade name has the same criterions a hotel has to adhere to. These criterions range from reserve processs to check-out processs and all procedures in between and make non merely depict the processs for guest contact, but besides, for illustration, the design and equipment for a invitee room, the coveted cleanliness of a storage room or the coveted sum of developing given to the employees. To interpret these trade name criterions into operational systems, every hotel can develop their ain Local Standard Operation Procedures, or LSOP s. This allows the hotel to still adhere to the Brand Standards, but do it more practical, informal and adjusted to local criterions. Nevertheless these LSOP s have to be approved by the manager of the section, in order to do certain it is still up to Brand Standard. These criterions are checked by an external auditing squad, that visits the hotel on a regular footing. After each audit an study is send to all section caputs in order to follow up on the feedback given. Staff The staff of the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel are non called employees. Harmonizing to the Renaissance trade name the employees are the trade names Ambassadors . This name is given in order to give the employees a feeling of engagement, and engagement towards the hotel in order to experience more responsible and experience less hierarchy. However in this study the term employee will be used. As mentioned before in this chapter, the hotel has employees of 25 different nationalities. This is divided in 65 % Dutch employees and 35 % other nationalities. Furthermore it can be seen that the per centum of international employees is higher in the operational sections. Marriott International has strict regulations about equal intervention and a zero-tolerance policy towards racism ( MGS ) , and hence there is a low sum of cultural misinterpretations. The official linguistic communications spoken in the hotel are English and Dutch and it is non allowed for people from other nationalities t o talk in their ain linguistic communication if there is an employee involved who does non talk or understand that linguistic communication. Furthermore, since a hotel is an international environment, the Dutch indigens are used to cover with international people. Besides, many of the international employees in the hotel have taken the clip to larn the Dutch linguistic communication. The lissome integrating of employees into the on the job environment and is good to the working-culture of the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel. And this non merely works positive on the work floor, but besides has an extra benefit for the international invitees ; frequently guests can be served in their ain linguistic communication. Another of import facet about staff is the employee motive and satisfaction. This topic will be extensively dealt with in paragraph Marriott International has al broad scope of developing stuff and educational stuff available on the MGS web site. However, when it comes to pattern, it seems that non all available resources are used to develop or educate the staff. Although the work environment is acceptable, the wages paid are above lower limit, there are good company policies in topographic point and employees and directors are encouraged to make a pleasant and sociable work environment, the Hotel merely scored 65 % ( mean ) on satisfaction harmonizing to the employee satisfaction study of January. The nutrient and drink section scored higher with an mark of 76 % on satisfaction. Manner The direction manner of the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel can be best characterised as bureaucratic. In a bureaucratic civilization, the behavior of employees is governed by formal regulations and criterion operating processs, and coordination is achieved through hierarchal coverage relationships ( Hellriegel et al, 2005 ) . As discussed in before the construction of the concern is hierarchal ( organisational chart, appendix.. ) there is small communicating between operational staff and higher direction. Decisions by higher direction will be made with consideration of all employees, but the employees are non portion of the determination devising procedure. This leading manner is non as stiff and commanding as the bossy manner, but besides non every bit free as the democratic or individualistic manner. In big companies like the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel, rigorous and clear regulations are needed, and hence this leading manner is chosen. However, within each section other leadings ma nners can happen in order to affect the employees more into the day-to-day operations. Skills Skills refer to the existent accomplishments and capablenesss of an administration as a whole ( Proven Models B.V. , 2011 ) . The Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel has a some procedures in topographic point that make certain the people working in the hotel are skilled. One of these procedures is the enlisting procedure, which is used in every hotel portion of Marriott International. Equally shortly as a there is a vacancy, the human resources embassador will fix a internal notice. As MI believes in publicity from within, the vacancy has to be posted for 72 hours internally before it will be placed on the Marriott Careers website. On the website appliers can use online, where the first measure is to direct their CV, Reason of involvement and personal information. If the applier is found suited for the place by this first information, he or she will be invited to make an online appraisal. The appraisal consists of multiple pick inquiries related to the occupation applied for where several instances are presented. The applier has to take how he or she would respond on or cover with every state of affairs. Merely app licants hiting green on this trial are invited for an interview. This method is really efficient as the accomplishments and cognition of the applier is already tested before the interview. Because of this the interview can be an behavioral interview where the applier is asked behavioral inquiries and is looked ad how the applier would suit within the squad. Behavioural interviewing is done trough the STAR method. ( Situation-Task-Action-Result ) This method allows the interviewer to hold an easy cheque if every inquiry is to the full answered. When all appliers are interviewed, the human resource section and the several section decide who will make full the place, where precedence is placed on appliers from the Marriott Chain ( internal ) over external appliers. This enlisting procedure is the same for every degree of the company, from operational staff to managers. In this manner MI insures that the enlisting procedure is consistent and just. After being hired, every new employ of The Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel has to follow the Renaissance official preparation plan, called In The Beginning . Again, every degree of hierarchy is compulsory to follow this two-day preparation which is given in the first month of employment. In this preparation, new hires are introduced to all facets of the Marriott Chain, the Renaissance Brand and the specific hotel. The new hires are treated as invitees in the hotel to acquire the full experience they will supply to the invitee. After three months a follow-up preparation is will be given, called the Plot Thickens . In this one-day developing the old preparation will be reviewed every bit good as first experiences in the workplace. Furthermore the accent of the preparation is team work and service. In this developing the Renaissance vision of service is explained and implemented. These preparations are given to guarantee the people working for the hotel are skilled and have knowledge ab out non merely their section, but besides the vision of the Renaissance trade name. The employees are encouraged to be an Ambassador of the Renaissance trade name. Although this intensive preparation at the beginning of employment, supervisors and directors fail to travel on with uninterrupted developing for every bit good long-run employees and reasonably new employees. As mentioned before, MGS has a broad scope of preparation stuffs able for all employees. Every beginning of the displacement a 15-minute preparation should be done, where the R-way of that twenty-four hours is discussed, the squad is briefed, fortes of that twenty-four hours will be discussed and a tasting of the dish of the twenty-four hours will be given. This could be a really effectual manner for the employees to derive more cognition and ask inquiries, but it seems non to be done systematically in pattern. Furthermore there are a batch of preparations provided, but the directors and supervisors pay small consideration to these preparations and do non promote the employees to go to. Another tool to see the employees are skilled is the Passport to Success plan. This plan consists of specified preparations per section and alteration every twelvemonth to do certain all employees are up to day of the month. The preparation has trials 12 subjects ( such as: Host , Breakfast service , or Bar-Arts ) and every twelvemonth the section should hold full conformity. As observed in the F A ; B section this is non taken excessively serious. The supervisors do nt hold or do the clip to develop the employees decently and make full out the trial themselves in order to obtain this full conformity, instead than do certain the staff is up to day of the month. Shared values The nucleus values of Marriott International were already set in 1927 when the first hot-shoppe was opened. These are the words of of Marriott co-founder J. Willard Marriott, When you take good attention of your people, they ll take good attention of the client, and the client will come back and back and back, and the concern will take attention of itself. Or, his married woman, Alice S. Marriott, said it more merely by saying, Happy people means happy clients. ( MGS ) . All Marriott Hotels still work harmonizing to these values, although they changed in words and are more analyzed and expanded by know. Marriott now sets the following nucleus values: Put Peoples foremost, take attention of associates and they will take attention of the clients Pursue Excellence, dedication to the client through service excellence Embrace Change, success is neer concluding Act with Integrity, how we do concern is every bit of import as the concern we do Serve our World, Our spirit to function makes our civilization more vibrant, our concern stronger and the universe a better topographic point ( MGS ) . These values are shared with all employees in the In the Beginning preparation and are interlocked in the days are the Associate Appreciation Week were directors and managers organize and help with a hebdomad of celebrations for the employees and the annually breakfast that the hotel arranges for a child infirmary in Amsterdam. Following to the MI nucleus values does the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel besides have its ain values. These values are shared with the employees during the in the In the Beginning preparation every bit good on a day-to-day hebdomadal footing through R-Way figure 1: Live Renaissance Core Values Intriguing, Indigenous, Independent. When person is intrigued he is funny for something. The Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel calls it guests Explorers and adventurers are ever funny for something new. Employees can portion these value by sharing indoors information, non known by tourers, or tourers ushers, such as a merely opened museum or an new eating house. Employees are encouraged to make so and besides a particular Navigator usher is made for employees to cognize about new, challenging topographic points. Autochthonal means that the invitee has the feeling that the hotel is connected to the local community and has a history of its ain. Mugwump can be seen in the design of the hotel. Not one Renaissance Hotel is the same, all hotels have different design and mentality. The Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel shows to be both autochthonal and independent as it has The Koepelchurch, a sixteenth Century dome church connected to the hotel and now used for events. Another autochthonal facet is the Koepel Cafe , a typical Dutch brown cafe , visit non merely by tourers, but besides by locals, which give the invitees the feeling that they are portion of the local community. These three nucleus values give the invitees the feeling that The Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel is an alone hotel and that their stay is an alone stay. Especially operational staff is encouraged to portion these values with the invitees and to larn and research every bit much as possible to be able to supply the invitees with the best possible recommendations and service during their stay. 3.2.3 External Analysis To acquire a good overview of the development outside a hotel it is of import to make an external analysis. This environment is besides called the Macro environment. The macro environment is the environment the organisation has no influence on. Nevertheless outside forces can hold a great influence on the organisation. Analyzing this macro environment gives a good penetration in the chances and menaces of a hotel. For this analysis the Environmental Scanning theoretical account by Kotler is used ( Kotler, 2002 ) . This theoretical account identifies the six most influential forces in a hotels macro environment. These 6 forces are as follows ; Demographic forces, Economic forces, Natural forces, Technological forces, Political forces, and cultural forces. In this paragraph every force will be discussed The Demographic Environment Demography is the survey of human populations in footings of size, denseness, location, age, sex, race, business and other statistics ( Kotler, 2002 p.124 ) . Demographic forces are really of import for a hotel as it involves people, the invitees of the hotel. In order to analyse the right group of people foremost the market mix of hotels in Amsterdam should be considered. Therefore the HOSTA 2010 study is was used. This study is presented every twelvemonth by Horwath HTL ( appendix 4 ) . After reexamining these informations, there can be concluded that the market mix of hotels in Amsterdam is dwelling of Dutch, British and American invitees ( printed bold ) . Therefore the demographic portion of the external analysis is based on these three population groups. In the following figure the demographic mix of the three population groups is presented ( appendix 5 ) . Out of this figure can be concluded that the three populations are reasonably the same demographics such as age distribution, growing rate, faith and life anticipation. Therefore, in this analysis the same tendencies can be applied to all three populations. Appendix 6 shows the cardinal factors of demographic alterations in the Top 10 beginning markets. The top 10 beginning markets consists of ; the Netherlands, the USA, the UK, Switzerland, Italy, France, Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Japan ( Grimm et al, 2009 ) . The altering age construction of the population The individual most noticeable demographic tendency in Europe and other industrialised states including the US is the altering age construction of the population ( Kotler, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to a study of the United Nations the older population is turning at a much faster rate than the rate of the entire population. The entire birthrate rate is below the replacing degree in practically all industrialised states ( United Nations, 2008 ) . The population has been progressively ageing for the past 60 old ages and it is predicted it will go on to make so ( Appendix 6 ) . The altering age construction will act upon different facets of the society. Investings are predicted to diminish, while nest eggs will increase, which influences the economic growing in a negative manner. Furthermore the older the population, the lower the work force while the demand of health care will be turning. The lifting figure of educated people The United Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) has been roll uping informations for old ages sing the instruction of the universe s population. What has been observed is that the universe is going more educated in general. More and more first universe citizens are inscribing in third educational plans ( Appendix 7 ) . This in writing shows that the registration in third instruction has increased in North America and Western Europe every bit good as worldwide over the past 10 old ages. When looking at The Netherlands, instruction is besides an of import facet in the society. In order to increase the return on educational disbursals, the Dutch authorities focuses on the usage of endowment, on every educational degree. Therefore quality of instruction is really of import. Although the crisis, there will be less nest eggs on instruction in comparing to other nest eggs done by the authorities. This all is done to fix the Netherlands for the expected knowledge-driven economic system ( Miljoenennota 2012 ) . The economic environment Economic growing can hold a big impact on consumer demand for cordial reception services. Economic forces influence organisational behaviour and public presentation. Forces that create growing and net income aid organisations to take actions that will fulfill all stakeholders such as proprietors, employees and providers. But, on the other manus, negative economic tendencies make an organisation face high force per unit areas to cover with the different involvements of the different stakeholders ( Harrison, 2005 ) . For illustration, diminishing grosss will do the proprietors of a hotel less satisfied. They might make up ones mind to diminish labour costs in order to still make net income ends. Employees in this instance will be less satisfied as they will experience there is more force per unit area on them to work harder. Below an analysis of 3 different economic indexs can be found. The indexs are based on an analysis of the features of advanced economic systems by the International Monetary Fund. There is no constituted definition for an advanced economic system, but Kofi Anan, former Secretary General of the United Nations defined an advanced state as follows: A developed ( advanced ) state is one that allows all its citizens to bask a free and healthy life in a safe environment. The states where the most invitees of the hotel come from can be considered as developed states. Gross domestic merchandise The Gross domestic merchandise is frequently considered the best step of how good the economic system is executing ( Mankiw, 2003 ) . GDP can be viewed at in two ways, foremost as the entire income of everyone in the economic system, 2nd, as the entire outgo on the economic system s end product of goods and service. An economic system with a big end product of goods and service can break fulfill the demands of families, companies and the authorities. In this analysis the per centum growing of Real GDP is used. Real GDP measures the value of goods and services utilizing a changeless set of monetary values. This better represents how an economic system is making, as a society s ability to supply economic satisfaction for its members finally depends on the measures of goods and service produced. Appendix 8 shows the lessening of GDP during the economic crisis. A negative growing in existent GDP means that the economic end product was less than the entire outgos. A little growing after 2011 is expected. Private consumer outgo The private consumer outgo ( PCE ) is a major constituent of the GDP. It covers consumer disbursement on goods every bit good as services. Appendix 9 shows the per centum alteration of the PCE. It shows one of the grounds the GDP has grown negatively in past old ages. If the disbursement form is non every bit much as old old ages and the end product continues as earlier, there will be excessively much supply and less net income. Domestic demand Another of import constituent of the GDP is domestic demand. Domestic demand shows the demand for goods and services in a state. If there is a diminution in domestic demand, the first constituents affected are largely luxury merchandises and non-essential services. Appendix 10 shows the bead in demand when the consumers were affected by the crisis. Again a little addition is expected, when the economic system will be more stable and the consumer will swear the economic system once more. Continuing economic uncertainness Since 2007 the universe knows a fiscal crisis, besides called the Global Financial Crisis. This crisis started with the prostration of the lodging market in the United States in 2007. This had a great impact on planetary economic markets and reduced investor assurance which finally led to great losingss on the stock markets in 2008-2009. Economies worldwide weakened and authoritiess and cardinal Bankss needed to take action and tried to work out the economic jobs with financial aid and alteration of pecuniary policies. The economic status of European authoritiess deteriorated as the income from revenue enhancements declined but the authorities costs increased. This all makes the cardinal Bankss going more cautious ( European Tourism 2011 ) . The European Central Bank was the first major cardinal bank raising rates in 2011. This indicates the concern about credibleness. The Social-Cultural environment The cultural environment is made up of establishments and other forces that affect society s basic values, perceptual experiences, penchants and behaviours ( Kotler 2002 p.140 ) . When sing the cultural environment of Amsterdam there has to be thought of all the tourers sing the metropolis, the different civilizations act uponing Amsterdam short term ( tourers ) and Long term ( dwellers ) . To happen out the consequence of alterations in the social-cultural environment on the cordial reception industry, there has to be looked at tendencies that affect the Dutch or Amsterdam cordial reception market. An recent article published in the New York Times ( Benhold, 2010 ) analyses the tendency toward parttime and more relaxed working hours called the new universe of work with the Dutch as innovators of this new tendency in work and life balance. Predicted is that, within the coming old ages besides work-focussed states such as the United States and The United Kingdom will get down cut downing working hours to pass more clip with their household, or for diversion or relaxation clip. This is a consequence of more adult female come ining the work force, but besides productiveness is going more of import than existent worked hours. In add-on to this, Carslon Wagonlit s concern travel tendencies study ( Koetting A ; Widener, 2010 ) predicts an lessening of measure of concern trips, concentrating on minimisation and productiveness of each concern trip. This means that companies will extinguish the unneeded concern trip and acquire more productiveness out of less concern trips. This will act upon the Amsterdam Hospitality market negatively ; as concern trips are a big market for Amsterdam Hotels, including the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel. Another tendency in the social-cultural environment is sing the leisure guests. Amsterdam is globally celebrated for its tolerance towards drugs. Coffee stores are every bit much as an touristic attractive force as some celebrated landmarks in Holland. 26 % of leisure invitees sing Amsterdam visits a java store ( Gemeente Amsterdam, 2007 ) . For over already 10 old ages the authorities maintain stricter regulations towards java stores, a so called extinguish policy . This policy forbids java stores to go on their concern after interrupting the set regulations for 3 times. Furthermore, since 2007 it is non allowed to function alcoholic drinks in a java store and at that place had to be decided to either go on selling soft-drugs, or continue the same constitution as a regular cafe . In 2011 the authorities decided to even beef up the regulations even more to diminish people from outside the state sing java stores ( Tweede Kamer der Staten Generaal, 2011 ) . This will be the terminal of the open-door policy as java stores will merely be allowed to sell to their club members . This new policy will be effectual from January 2013 in the whole Netherlands. Although the Renaissance Amsterdam Hotel is a 5 star hotel and non taking for drugs tourers it is likely that this will impact the whole Amsterdam Hospitality Industry. The Natural environment The past old ages at that place has been a turning force per unit area on the cordial reception industry to Travel Green . This force per unit area comes from both the authorities as the populace. ( Brymer et Al, 2012 ) . This because the people are acquiring more and more aware of natural resources. With the increasing population, besides more natural resources are needed. Environmental consciousness additions, and hence people are willing to make more to maintain a sustainable environment. As hotels are frequently large companies and hence can hold a large impact on the natural environment. The Technological Environment The technological environment is possibly the most dramatic force now determining our fate ( Kotler, 2002 p.135 ) . Social Networking is one of the fastest turning technological tendencies at present clip. Most used are Facebook, Twitter, You Tube and Flick but besides these good known web sites there were in 2012 246 societal media sites available on the cyberspace ( Brymer et Al, 2012 ) . Social networking sites have become frequently used method of communicating all over the universe. It is a fast manner for hotel to portion information with ( hereafter ) invitees and update people on approaching events or publicities. Furthermore a broad scope of people can be reached at comparatively low costs as the web sites are already created by a 3rd party. However, because this is a fast paced communicating tool, it is really of import to maintain all information up to day of the month. 3.6 Drumhead Chapter 4: Decisions and recommendations 4.1 Preview 4.2 Decisions 4.2.1 Sub subdivisions 4.3 Recommendations 4.3.1 Sub subdivisions 4.4 Contributions and restrictions of the assignment